Distribuição espacial de acidentes escorpiônicos em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 2005 a 2009 / Spatial distribution of scorpion sting accidents in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 2005 to 2009

Acidentes por escorpião constituem problema de saúde pública em Belo Horizonte. Realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico observacional retrospectivo para analisar a frequência e distribuição espacial dos acidentes escorpiônicos em Belo Horizonte, entre 2005 e 2009, e associá-las às categorias de risco classificadas pelo Índice de Vulnerabilidade à Saúde (IVS), um índice socioeconômico regional composto. Foram utilizados dados de notificação do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica (SISVE), referentes aos anos de 2008 e 2009. Para o período de 2005 a 2007, foi necessário o resgate de dados das fichas clínicas do Hospital João XXIII (HPSJXXIII) correspondentes às variáveis encontradas no SINAN e SISVE, uma vez que os mesmos não estavam digitalizados nos referidos sistemas de informação. Para georreferenciamento e análise espacial, foi utilizada a base geográfica EndGeo, o aplicativo de mapeamento MapInfo versão 10.0 e os programas Hotspot Detective e SatScan. Entre 2005 e 2009, ocorreram em Belo Horizonte 2.769 casos de acidentes por escorpião, o que representa uma incidência média de 22,4 casos por 100.000 habitantes. Do total de casos, 1.924 (69,5 porcento) foram georreferenciados e houve predomínio de incidência em dois Distritos Sanitários (DS), com grande concentração de casos nas regiões de cemitérios do município. Foram detectados dois "clusters" no período, sendo um em 2005, nos DS Noroeste e Oeste, e outro entre 2006 e 2007, nos DS Noroeste e Nordeste. Não houve associação entre as áreas de maior incidência de escorpionismo e as áreas de maior risco à saúde classificadas pelo IVS. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que há necessidade de melhorias no processo de notificação do agravo e que o mapeamento dos casos é uma ferramenta relevante capaz de embasar o direcionamento das ações educativas de controle para as áreas prioritárias de Belo Horizonte...

Scorpion sting accidents are a public health problem in Belo Horizonte and veterinarians play an important role in its control program when based on capture, mapping of cases and educational actions with the population. A retrospective epidemiological study was done to analyze the frequency and spatial distribution of scorpion sting cases in Belo Horizonte, between 2005 and 2009, and to associate them with the Health Vulnerability Index (IVS), a regional and composed socio-economic index. Notification data of scorpion sting accidents were used from the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and Epidemiological Surveillance System (SISVE) for years 2008 and 2009. For the period between 2005 and 2007 it was necessary to retrieve data from the clinical records of João XXIII Hospital (HPSJ XXIII) which were not digitalized in the referred information systems. For georeference and spatial analysis, geographic base EndGeo and features of the programs MapInfo version 10.0, Hotspot Detective and SatScan were used. Between 2005 and 2009 2769 cases of scorpionism, occurred in Belo Horizonte which represents an average incidence of 22.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Among 1924 (69.5 percent) georeferenced cases, the highest incidence was observed in two Sanitary District (DS). A large concentration of cases was also observed in the areas of the city cemeteries. Two clusters were detected during this period, one in 2005, located in the Northwest and West DS, and another between 2006 and 2007 in the Northwest and Northeast DS. There was no association between higher incidence areas of scorpionism in Belo Horizonte and the areas of higher health risk classified by IVS. It is necessary to improve the reporting process regarding scorpion sting accidents. Another conclusion is that the mapping of cases is a relevant tool to base the targeting of educative actions to the priority areas of Belo Horizonte...

Recusas de borrifação de imóveis e ocorrência de casos de leishmaniose visceral na Regional Noroeste de Belo Horizonte / Refusal of spraying of buildings and the occurrence of cases of visceral leishmaniasis in North West region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram caracterizar as recusas por parte da população em permitir a borrifação de seus imóveis, em quatro regiões de Belo Horizonte, no período de 2006 a 2008, e relacionar estas recusas com o surgimento de casos de leishmaniose visceral, no mesmo local e período. Utilizaram-se as localizações onde se encontraram 27 casos humanos de leishmaniose visceral obtidos do SINAN, todos referentes a quatro áreas de abrangência da região noroeste de Belo Horizonte, no período de 2006 a 2008. De um total de 33.579 residências visitadas pelo controle químico vetorial, 9636 (28,70%) aceitaram a borrifação interna e a externa do domicílio, 20741 (61,77%) concordaram com a borrifação apenas do peridomicílio, 141 (0,42%) aceitaram apenas a borrifação do intradomicílio, 909 (2,70%) se encontraram fechadas no momento da borrifação e 2152 (6,41%) recusaram qualquer tipo de borrifação no imóvel. Na maioria das residências, o controle químico foi permitido apenas no peridomicílio. A diferença entre o perfil de recusas dos quarteirões contidos em uma área de 200 metros ao redor de um caso humano de leishmaniose visceral e o mesmo perfil dos quarteirões fora desta área foi significativa (P<0,05) em sete (25,92%) dos 27 casos da doença.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the population's refusal to allow their houses to be sprayed in four regions of Belo Horizonte, in the period from 2006 to 2008, and relate these denials with the emergence of cases of visceral leishmaniasis in the same location and time. We used the location of 27 human cases of visceral leishmaniasis obtained from SINAN, all data from four regions in the West Region of the city of Belo Horizonte, from 2006 to 2008. Of a total of 33,579 houses visited by the chemical vector control, 9636 (28.70%) accepted spraying inside and outside the home, 20741 (61.77%) agreed with spraying only the areas surrounding the property, 141 (0.42%) agreed only to spray indoors, 909 (2.70%) were found closed at the time of spraying, and 2152 (6.41%) refused any kind of spray at house. A chemical control vector was allowed only in surrounding areas of most of the houses studied. The difference between the profile of denials of the blocks contained in an area of 200 meters around a human case of VL, with the same profile of the blocks out of this area was significant (P<0,05) in 07 (25,92%) of 27 cases of the disease.

Caracterização demográfica e epidemiológica de cães e gatos domiciliados em Barbacena, MG / Demographic and epidemiologic characterization of dogs and cats domiciled in Barbacena-MG, Brazil

The characterization of demographic and epidemiologic aspects of dogs and cats domiciled in households in Barbacena, Minas Gerais, Brazil, is imperative to understand the dynamics of animal populations for the purpose of planning actions in public health and zoonosis control. A total of 840 semi-structured questionnaires were applied. Respondents were randomly selected owners from urban and rural areas. The results revealed 0.22 per capita dog, 0.051 per capita cat, 0.81 dog per house, and 0.19 cat per house. Dogs were present in 51.3% of the properties, distributed as 77.9% in rural and 48.6% in urban areas (47.3% in houses and 16.5% in apartments). The average age was 4.47 years for dogs, with odds male/female of 1.58. For the cats, the average age was 2.9 years and odds male/female of 0.91. The mortality rate before weaning was 13.4% for dogs and 22.8% for cats. The breeding purpose rate was 68.3% of dogs while cats as pets were 99.4%. The main form of animals acquisition was by donation (65.8%) and only 4.14% came from other cities. About the type of feeding, 55.9% of dogs and 46.3% of cats ate manufactured products. Only 29.6% of dogs and 16.5% of cats had some type of veterinary care. The rabies vaccination covers 89.2% and 68.1% of dogs and cats, respectively. Castration or use of contraceptive was found in 18.7% of dogs and 17.9% of cats. These numbers could be used for measures of control in dogs and cats population of the municipality, as well in programs for the control of zoonotic diseases.

Freqüência de aglutininas anti-Leptospira interrogans em eqüídeos, em Minas Gerais, 2003 a 2004 / Frequency of anti-Leptospira interrogans agglutinins in equidae in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2003 to 2004

The goal of this research was to find the frequency and spatial distribution of infection caused by Leptospira interrogans in equidae in Minas Gerais State from September 2003 to March 2004. Samples of blood serum (6,475) were analyzed by microscopic agglutination test. From the total, 381 samples were positive (5.9 percent), with title equal or superior to 1:200 for one or more serovars of leptospira. The most frequent serovars were Hardjo (Norma), Pomona, Bratislava, and Batavie. The higher frequency of equidae reagents were recorded at the North and Northeast region of Minas Gerais, followed by Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba, then Central, West, Metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, and South/Southwest.

Distribuição espacial e temporal da raiva canina e felina em Minas Gerais, 2000 a 2006 / Spatial and temporal distribution of canine and feline rabies in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2000 to 2006

Estudou-se a epidemiologia da raiva em cães e gatos, em Minas Gerais, e realizou-se um estudo descritivo de seu comportamento, de 2000 a 2006. Utilizaram-se, como fonte de dados, os relatórios mensais dos laboratórios do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses de Belo Horizonte e do Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária. Os resultados demonstraram positividade de 1,5 por cento para raiva canina e 0,7 por cento para raiva felina. Houve tendência ao decréscimo do número de casos positivos de raiva canina (y = -3,2143x + 19,714) e também para a raiva felina, com apenas dois casos, ambos em 2000. As regiões com diagnóstico positivo coincidiram com as de menor desenvolvimento sócioeconômico.

In order to know the epidemiology of rabies in dogs and cats, in Minas Gerais State, a descriptive study of its behavior was carried out from 2000 to 2006. Data of monthly reports colleted at the laboratories of "Centro de Controle de Zoonoses (CCZ)" from Belo Horizonte" and "Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária (IMA)" were used. Positivity of 1.50 percent for canine rabies and 0.70 percent for feline rabies were observed. A tendency to the decrease of canine rabies positive cases was found (y= -3.2143x + 19.714) and the same was observed for cats, since only two cases occurred, both in 2000. The regions that present positive diagnostics also showed the lowest social economic development.

Distribuição espaço-temporal da raiva bovina em Minas Gerais, 1998 a 2006 / Space and time distribution of bovine rabies in Minas Gerais, 1998 to 2006

Estudou-se a situação epidemiológica da raiva bovina em Minas Gerais de 1998 a 2006. Foram avaliadas 6873 fichas de diagnóstico de raiva por imunofluorescência direta. Para análise da distribuição temporal da raiva, foram construídas tabelas e gráficos no software Excel 2003 e o mapeamento dos diagnósticos foi feito no aplicativo Tabwin 1.4. Verificou-se tendência anual decrescente do número de exames e dos diagnósticos positivos (Y= -41,133x+544,89). Os meses de maio, junho e julho apresentaram o maior percentual de diagnósticos positivos. O número de municípios com raiva bovina variou ao longo do período estudado e manteve tendência decrescente (Y= -7,0833x+166,64), com expansão da doença para os municípios da região do Triângulo Mineiro.

Epidemiological data of bovine rabies were evaluated after analyzing 6,873 files collected in Minas Gerais state, from 1998 to 2006. Direct Immunofluorescence was performed to diagnosis the disease. The temporal distribution of the disease was analyzed after tables and graphics were made using the software Excel 2003. A mapping diagnosis was built using the applicatory Tabwin 1.4. It was observed an annual decreasing tendency in the number positive diagnosis (Y= -41.133x+544.89). A higher percentage of positive diagnosis for rabies was observed from May to July. There was a variation in the number of counties in which bovine rabies was diagnosed during the studied period and it maintained a decreasing trend (Y= -7.0833x+166.64), with expansion of the disease in direction of "Triângulo Mineiro" counties.

Perfil dos cães sororreagentes para aglutininas anti-Leptospira interrogans em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 2001/2002 / Serological profile of seropositive dogs to anti-Leptospira interrogans agglutinins in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2001-2002

The serological profile of seropositive dogs according to anti-Leptospira agglutinins was checked in Belo Horizonte including variables such as race, sex, age and whether the dog had an owner or not. The dogs were captured by the Zoonosis Control Center in nine neighborhoods around the city and were separated in two categories - with owners or captured on the streets. The prevalence of anti-Leptospira agglutinins was evaluated in 3,417 blood samples using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) from September 2001 to September 2002. It was found that 13.1 percent of the dogs had seropositive results with the most reactive serovars being Canicola (7.0 percent), Ballum (6.1 percent), Pyrogenes (3.2 percent) and Icterohaemorrhagiae (2.9 percent). The prevalence of other serovars was less than 1.0 percent. Greater prevalence was found in male, crossbred dogs, without owners. There were no significant results due to age in 95 percent (P=0.808) of the cases. According to the results, more research should be done in order to isolate and classify the serovars in positive dogs, especially Ballum and Pyrogenes, which will suggest their inclusion in the commercial vaccines against leptospira used in dogs in this city

Prevalência de aglutininas anti-Leptospira interrogans em cães de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 2001 a 2002 / Prevalence of anti-Leptospira interrogans agglutinins in dogs from Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2001 - 2002

Avaliou-se a prevalência de aglutininas anti-Leptospira interrogans nos cães recolhidos pelo Centro de Controle de Zoonoses nas nove regionais administrativas de Belo Horizonte, em diferentes épocas do ano. As áreas de prevalência de cães reagentes foram correlacionadas às áreas de saneamento ambiental, usando recursos georreferenciamento. As amostras de sangue dos 3417 cães, coletadas no período de setembro de 2001 a setembro de 2002, foram processadas pela técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica, encontrando-se 13,1 por cento de positividade. As sorovariedades Canicola, Ballum, Pyrogenes e Icterohaemorrhagiae foram as mais prevalentes. As mais altas prevalências ocorreram nas regionais Centro-Sul (22,5 por cento), Leste (19,1 por cento) e Nordeste (13,2 por cento). A menor prevalência foi observada na Regional Pampulha (8,2 por cento). Os meses com maior percentual de cães reagentes foram dezembro/2001 e janeiro/2002, período de maior precipitação pluvial e temperaturas médias mais elevadas. As áreas de maior risco coincidiram com as regiões de vilas, favelas e bairros da periferia onde existia deficiência de saneamento ambiental.